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"  Emerging Strategies for Transparency Promotion Comprehensive Holistic approach: Establishing a fully implemented, enforced, and used access to information law Targeted Specific approach: Provides specific transparency remedies to address particular problems Sectoral Thematic approach: Advance greater flow of information in one area of public administration (without seeking specific all-encompassing legislation)  /vb0 v]v v/  b  [             Bullet Bullet Bullet 4 4 4 4 4 4$!  /P&'()*+,./0 1 2   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@|?" dd@  " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>  K(    C LA4CC-Access-Train-PPT-Eng-1"  0xv "-2r   X$Bullet Bullet Bullet Bullet Bullet % %   0y"W)C l<Training Slide Headline Goes Here and Second Line Goes Here ==   0}"F` . SAccess to Information: Bolivia  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.K>T Default Design 0 zr` (    08' P    P*    0$     R*  d  c $ ?0P    0  @0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6 P   P*    6    R*  H  0i ? ̙3380___PPT10."CT  0 @T(    0x  `}   r  S  -2r   n  C FA.Access-English-Title-1  <  4Sectoral Approach to Transparency: Pros and Cons Inter-American Development Bank September 18, 2007 Laura Neuman The Carter Center ^#4 $cH  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.P,  0 p (    06  `}   r  S -2r   n  C FA.Access-English-Title-1h  0нp@ Presentation Outline Emerging Strategies for Transparency Promotion Benefits of a Sectoral Transparency Strategy Disadvantages to a Sectoral Transparency Strategy A Combined Approach '?+ ,Z < 3H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.~0  0 "(  r  S x-2r   n  C FA.Access-English-Title-10  6     H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.pq 0 03(  r S   @  r  S !P@   n  C FA.Access-English-Title-1  0#@( 1In considering approach, must consider: What is success? What impact are you seeking? What is feasible in the time period? What are the indicators and how can they be measured? D()" ""  4  pA.޽h ?Access-English-Title-1"@` 33___PPT10i.KET+D=' = @B +j  0 j(    0`  `}   r  S $-2r   n  C FA.Access-English-Title-1  06 VSectoral Benefits More immediate results and impact Builds on extant legislative framework More easily identifies and engages existing constituencies Stakeholders increased capacity to understand what to ask, how to interpret, an how to apply to fight corruption #vv(vv%vvrvvv   H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.`dY*  0 (    0  `}   r  S  -2r   n  C FA.Access-English-Title-1  0$@ |& Sectoral Benefits cont. Build on stakeholder s focus area, can dedicate to long-term Develops and refines methods More measurable? ?vvvvvv p  > aH  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.`.   0  $(  $x $ c $lu-2r   n $ C FA.Access-English-Title-1 $ <Gv. B 4  $ 0w kSectoral Disadvantages May not lead to overall greater transparency May not effectuate the necessary change in public administration Silo approach rather than enhancing transversality of access to information Without enforceability, may not be sustainable "vvEvv&v-v%vvv  $QH $ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.Q^+D=' = @B +-  0 D< ((  (r ( S T_-2r   n ( C FA.Access-English-Title-1 ( <hnGv. B 4  ( <dP > D  ( 6@p Sectoral Disadvantages cont. Duplication of efforts and diminished coordination Marginalizes groups already engaged in the promotion of access to information More dependent on commitment and continuity of individuals in government In practice, may not be feasible ! v2 v2 2$ H ( 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.Q0+D=' = @B +5  0 LD ,(  , , 0   `}   r , S `-2r   n , C FA.Access-English-Title-1(  , 0 ]L  A Combined Approach Sectoral and Comprehensive Objective of Combined Approach Secure immediate results of a sectoral approach while assuring transformation and sustainability of an enforceable comprehensive transparency regime //1e  > > pH , 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.y0yxC+D=' = @B +   0 '0 0(  0 0 0L  `}   r 0 S L-2r  L n 0 C FA.Access-English-Title-1 0 <\LGv. B 4M  0 6hL YCombined approach allows: Immediate change may be used by generalists seeking a comprehensive ATI law Lessons learned from sectors may be incorporated into law and applied to all of government Engagement of all interested stakeholders Greater coordination among various interest groups and promotion of links between relevant constituenciesP v2@ v2     7H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.y HJD+D=' = @B +W  0 nf@ (    0L  `}   r  S TL-2r  L n  C FA.Access-English-Title-1J  6L  dAdditional questions to consider: Sustainability Are there really gaps in sectoral funding? Which approach creates greatest demand? Who needs support (government or civil society)? And which approach provides that support? Promoting access to information laws through specialized laws, does that advance access or create fragmentation and inconsistency?B" v2C v2"CI H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.y<+D=' = @B +   0 6. (    0BL  `}  L r  S CL-2r  L n  C FA.Access-English-Title-1  <wL!  P For additional information, please contact Laura Neuman at: lneuman@emory.edu:Q= H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.٧ 0 LDP(  X  C 0P   D  S  @0   I hope to foreshadow some of today s presentations and spur additional discussion SR H  0i ? ̙33@ 0 (  X  C 0P     S x$L @0   ~Although today I will focus on these 5 areas for consideration to advance the act  it is not necessary in each case to amend the law. In fact, the law as it is presently written provides a strong foundation for promoting the right to information, and in almost every way meets the emerging international norms. In many of these areas, such as implementation and enforcement it may be more of a procedural or practical issue than a legal problemH  0i ? ̙33L 0  (  X  C 0P     S XL @0  L h n the case of the Jamaica law, sec 6, certain bodies are removed from the scope of the law  such as the Governor-General or any statutory body or authority that the Minister specifies thru affirmative resolution  this seems contrary to the purpose of the Act. Exceptions are in the law to protect release of documents that could harm the public interest  that should be sufficient safeguard Priv bodies  need affirmative resolution and so far has not happened  MAY ALSO want to consider companies that are contracted by government and manage public fundsH  0i ? ̙33h 0 ( (  X  C 0P   L   S L @0  L At present included in only 2 exemptions  deliberative process and heritage sitesH  0i ? ̙33 0 h(  X  C 0P   L  S   @0  L j4Oversight body serves to help ensure full and continuing oversight with the law and can promote the law through public education and training of public servants Without such a body there is no uniformity or coordination  in practice each agency is responsible for their own compliance with the law  which creates patches of government that may not be fully applying the law  ex. United States With no oversight body, we see overclassification of documents as exempt or classified  ex. in 2004 the US government  created 81% more secrets than in 2000, the year prior to 9/11 Time limits for provision of information not followed  EPA median processing time of 1113 business days  well beyond 20 days by law Users are forced to navigate system alone and implementers receive no assistance ]H  0i ? ̙33t 0 4, (  X  C 0P   L,  S   @0  L Internation experience has shown that when raise costs for request and receipt of information, the use goes down dramatically  this serves as a huge obstacle ex. with the introduction of a fee to request information in Ireland  request rate dropped up to 70% in some mmajor government ministries In Canada it costs more to process the fee than the fee itself The response to information requests should be part of doing government business with fees only associated to the reproduction  to reduce these costs need more emphasis on providing electronic copies whenever possible$ 0H  0i ? ̙33 0 P&(  X  C 0P   L  S H @0  L ( Reasonableness test is discretionary and ripe for abuse  nevertheless authorities should have some mechanisms for addressing voluminous requests In my opinion, the reasonableness of a request should be based solely on the amount of documents requested rather than the time it takes to find them  otherwise the requester will be punished for years of bad record-keeping and archiving systemsH  0i ? ̙33  0 `(  X  C 0P   L  S L @0  L  H  0i ? ̙3380___PPT10.PaC  0 p(  X  C 0P   L  S L @0  L  H  0i ? ̙3380___PPT10.PaC  0 (  X  C 0P   L  S LsL @0  L  H  0i ? ̙3380___PPT10.@C  0 (  X  C 0P   L  S PL @0  L  H  0i ? ̙3380___PPT10.@C ! 0 (  X  C 0P   L  S |,L @0  L  H  0i ? ̙3380___PPT10.0fCr0 )@9? 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   On-screen ShowCWGB~   ArialTimes New Roman WingdingsDefault DesignSlide 1Slide 2Emerging Strategies for Transparency Promotion Comprehensive Holistic approach: Establishing a fully implemented, enforced, and used access to information law Targeted Specific approach: Provides specific transparency remedies to address particular problems Sectoral Thematic approach: Advance greater flow of information in one area of public administration (without seeking specific all-encompassing legislation) Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles _㓉UsersUsers  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesQCurrent UserSummaryInformation(TPowerPoint Document(]DocumentSummaryInformation8